Types/duration of pain condition(s) |
Pain severity |
Comorbid conditions (e.g., depression, obesity) |
Demographics (age, gender, race, marital status, employment status) |
Receipt of pain-related disability compensation |
Overall healthcare service use |
Prescription medications received (e.g., short and long-acting opiates, sedatives, hypnotics, and antidepressants) |
Pain-related procedures received (injections, imaging, and surgeries) |
Pain-related visits (primary and specialty care including physical therapy) |
ER/urgent care visits |
Prior use of health insurance reimbursed CAM |
Characteristics of primary care provider (e.g., degree [MD, DO, NP] frequency of CAM referrals, gender) |