Concurrent alteration in inflammatory biomarker gene expression and oxidative stress: how aerobic training and vitamin D improve T2DM

Table 3 Mean ± SD of anthropometric variables among the groups

Variables	AT + Vit D (n = 10)	AT (n = 10)	Vit D (n = 10)	C (n = 10)	P-Value
Age (years)	48.32 ± 2.23	47.13 ± 3.12	49.10 ± 1.2346	48.27 ± 2.17	0.540
Height (cm)	159.14 ± 2.13	161.17 ± 2.21	160.21 ± 2.28	162.12 ± 3.18	0.304
Duration of DM (year)	10.13 ± 3.23	9.10 ± 2.13	11.15 ± 1.89	10.25 ± 3.26	0.215
Body Weight (Kg)
Before	75.11 ± 2.12	76.12 ± 3.14	74.18 ± 3.09	75.09 ± 2.17
After	70.02 ± 1.97	73.14 ± 2.15	73.11 ± 2.19	76.35 ± 3.21
P†	0.001*	0.021*	0.032*	0.028*
Δ	−4.91 ± 0.15 ^μ€β	−2.98 ± 0.99^€β	−1.07 ± 0.9 ^β	1.26 ± 1.04	0.001 ¥
BMI (kg/m²)
Before	29.66 ± 1.25	29.30 ± 1.43	28.90 ± 1.23	28.57 ± 1.27
After	27.65 ± 1.55	28.16 ± 1.29	28.48 ± 0.89	29.05 ± 1.12
P†	0.011*	0.023*	0.046*	0.044*
Δ	−2.01 ± 0.30 ^μ€β	−1.14 ± 0.14 ^€β	−0.42 ± 0.34 ^β	0.48 ± 0.15	0.018 ¥
Body Fat Percent (%)
Before	32.16 ± 1.56	31.11 ± 2.14	30.23 ± 1.56	29.76 ± 2.08
After	28.11 ± 2.20	29.46 ± 1.69	29.55 ± 0.78	30.17 ± 1.78
P†	0.001*	0.017*	0.035*	0.043*
Δ	−4.05 ± 0.64 ^μ€β	− 1.65 ± 0.45 ^€β	− 0.68 ± 0.78 ^β	0.41 ± 0.3	0.003 ¥
WHR
Before	0.94 ± 0.01	0.93 ± 0.03	0.92 ± 0.04	0.92 ± 0.02
After	0.88 ± 0.02	0.89 ± 0.02 ^β	0.90 ± 0.02 ^β	0.93 ± 0.03
P†	0.012*	0.031*	0.001*	0.001*
Δ	−0.06 ± 0.01 ^μ€β	−0.04 ± 0.01 ^€β	− 0.02 ± 0.02 ^β	0.01 ± 0.01	0.001 ¥

AT + Vit D Aerobic training + Vitamin D supplement, AT Aerobic training group, Vit D Vitamin D supplement group, C the control group
Results from analysis of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), post-hoc Tukey’s test, and paired sample t-test
P†: indicating the results of paired sample t-test
*: Significant within-group differences between pre and post
¥: Significant within-group differences in Δ
β: Significant differences with C
μ: Significant differences with AT
€: Significant differences with Vit D

ISSN: 2662-7671