Table 3 Primary and secondary outcomes
From: Raspberry leaf (Rubus idaeus) use in pregnancy: a prospective observational study
Outcome | Raspberry leaf n = 44 Median or n (%) | Non- Raspberry leaf n = 47 Median or n (%) |
|---|---|---|
Augmentation of labour | 1 (2%) | 32 (68%) |
ANALGESIA IN LABOUR | ||
Epidural | 6 (14%) | 26 (55%) |
Morphine | 0 | 2 (4%) |
Nitrous Oxide | 9 (20%) | 11 (23%) |
Gestation at birth | 40.1 (38–41 + 5) | 40.3 (38 + 1–42 + 2) |
MODE OF BIRTH | ||
Vaginal | 33 (75%) | 25 (53%) |
Instrumental | 3 (7%) | 17 (36%) |
Caesarean section | 5 (11%) | 8 (17%) |
LENGTH OF LABOUR | ||
1st stage | 7:45 (1:45 − 10:18) | 8:23 (2:44 − 12:10) |
2nd stage | 1:33 (00:17 − 2:44) | 2:45 (00:19 − 4:46) |
3rd stage | 12:45 (0:04 − 0:26) | 13:15 (0:01 − 0:26) |
Measured blood loss | 370 (50–800) mls | 475 (300–2800) mls |
PPH | 6 (14%) | 13 (28%) |
Iron transfusion | 0 | 0 |
Apgar score < 7 | 4 (9%) | 7 (15%) |
NICU admission | 0 | 0 |